ahh; epidj;jhh; ,t;tsT Ntfkhf jilfs; jfh;f;fg;gl;L Nrhfr; Rikfisj; Jhf;fp tPrg;gl;L ehk; xd;W $LNthk; vd;W. vq;Nfh ,Ue;Jnfhz;L ,Ug;gpd; milahsq;fisf; fhl;b Mjhpj;J ePh; gha;r;rpf; nfhz;bUe;j ,jaq;fs; vy;yhk; jq;fs; Mjq;fq;fis nfhl;bj; jPh;f;Fk; khDlj;jpd; xd;W$ly; jkp;o; cyfpw;F kl;Lky;y khdplj;ij Nerpf;Fk; midtUf;Fk; Kf;fpa epfo;Tjhd; ,j;jid NgiuAk; vg;gb ,q;Nf ,izf;f Kbe;jJ ,J ,khyag; gzpjhd; khDl tpLjiy Nehf;fpa jpirapy; <oj; jkpoh; Nghuhl;lKk; fiy ,yf;fp;a Clfq;fspd; tfpghfKk; vd;Dk; fUg; nghUspy; tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; fiygz;ghl;Lf; fofk; epjh;rdk; epWtdj;Jld; jkpo; jha;ntspaPl;lfj;JlDk; ,ize;J elj;jpa ngU tpoh fle;j 19 20 21 22 mfpa ehd;F ehl;fs; Nfhyhfykhf ele;NjwpapUf;fpwJ MAjg; Nghuhl;lf; fsj;jpy; klLky;y ,j;jifa ngUtpohf;fis kpf Neh;j;jpahf Vw;ghL nra;tjpYk; elj;JtjpYk; tpLjiyg; Gypfs; rhkh;j;jparhypfs;jhd; vd;gij ep&gpj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;; md;W jkpo; kf;fs; jkJ nkhopf;F tpoh vLj;j NghJ mijg; nghWf;f Kbahjth;fs; epfo;j;jpa nfhLk; nraNy jkpo; ,isQh;fis MAjk; Ve;jitj;jJ vd;gij ahuhy; kWf;f KbAk;.

mlf;FKiw:
jkpo; kf;fspd; vOr;rpia nghWf;f KbahJ mlf;FKiw MAjj;ij gpuNahfpj;jth;fs; vq;Nfh xb kiwe;jdh; ,e;j tPurpq;fk; kz;lgk; mlf;FKiwapd; rpd;dkhf jpfOk; xy;yhe;jh; Nfhl;ilapy;ypUe;J te;j vj;jidn\y; mbfis jhq;fpapUf;Fk; aho;. kf;fisg; Nghy 1974y; jkpohuha;rp khehl;il Fog;gpaJ Nghy ,d;W Fog;g KbahJ md;W vd;d elf;Fk; VJ elf;Fk; vd mQ;rpapUe;j kf;fs; ,d;W vy;iyaw;w jd;gq;fis fle;J kd cWjpNahL me;j kz;lgj;ijg; Nghy cah;e;J cWjpNahL epw;fpd;wdh; me;j cWjpapd; ntspg;ghljhd; khdpljjpd; jkpo; $ly; mjhkk; jiyJhf;Fk; jh;kk; kWgbAk; nty;Yk; mJ mg;NghJ eP&gzkhfpapUf;fpwJ jkpo;kf;fspd; kdtypik ,lg;ngah;Tfs; mtyq;fs; midj;ijAk; fle;J fk;gPukhf vOe;J epw;fitj;jpUf;fpwJ

 <ifr; Rlh; Vw;wy; kq;fs; tpsf;Nfw;wy; vd;w jkpoh; kuGg;gb tpoh Muk;gkhdJ Kd;dhs; aho; khefurig Mizahsh; rp.tp.Nf rptQhdk; jiyikapy Muk;g epfo;T ,lk; ngw;wJ aho; khtl;l muepay;Jiw nghWg;ghsh; ,sk;ghpjp khehl;bw;F tUif je;j Nguhsh;fs; ghh;itahsh;fs; tpUe;jpdh;fs; midtiuAk; tuNtw;W ciuahw;Wifapy; 17649 NghuhspfspdJk; 82 Mapuj;Jf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l nghJ kf;fspdJk; caph; jpahfj;jpd; %yk; tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj;Jtk; kpf;f xU ehis re;jpj;jpUf;fpNwhk; vd;whh;

Nguhrphpah; fh.rptj;jk;gp njhlf;fTiu efo;j;jpdhh; vOe;J elf;f Kbahj epiyapYk; rf;fu ehw;fhypapy; jkpo; mwpQh; rptj;jk;gp Nkilapy; mkh;e;jpUe;jhh; mtuJ cly; jsh;e;J ,Ue;jhYk; mthpd; toikahd fk;gPukhd Fuypy; jsh;r;rp ,y;iy kpf Mzpj;jukhf Neh;j;jpahf mthpd; ciu mike;jpUe;jJ jkpoh; chpik njhlhghf 1920k; Mz;L Kjy; Ngrg;gl;lJ jkpo; kf;fspd; ,Ug;G Nfs;tpf;Fwp ahdNghJ khdpl tpLjiyf;fhf <oj; jkpoh;fs; Nghuhl jiyg;gl;ldh; 1972k; Mz;bd; gpd;Ng Nghuhl;lj;jpd; ,d;iwa tbtk; cUthdJ vd Nguhrphpah; rptj;jk;gp jdJ ciuapy; Fepg;gpl;lhh; Nghuhl;lnkd;gJ tpLjiyf;fhdNj md;wp vth; xUtUf;Fk; vjpuhdJ my;y jkpo; ,isQh;fspd; Nghuhl;lk; ntWk; Aj;jkhf my;yhky; ,lh;fisAk; chpikg; Nghuhl;lkhf vOe;jJ jkJ ,lh;fis fistjw;fhfNt jkpoh; Nghuhl;lk; cUthdJ vd;gij rpq;fs r%fk; czh;e;Jnfhs;stpy;iy jkpohpd; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ij rpq;fs kf;fSf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lnkd rpy Clfq;fs; rpj;jhpj;jd jkpoh; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; epahaj;jd;ikia rpq;fs kf;fsplk; njspthf vLj;Jf; $w Clfq;fs; Kd;tu Ntz;Lk; vd Nguhrphpah; rptj;jk;gp Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;jhh

; rz;Kfk; rtypq;fk; jiyikapy; eilngw;w ftpij mkh;tpy; Nrh . gj;kehjDk; R. tpy;tuj;jpdKk; Ma;Tf;fl;liufis rkh;g;gpj;jdh; nrk;gpad;nry;td; jiyikapy; eilngw;w rpWfij mkh;tpy; njsptj;ij N[hrg; jhkiur;nry;tp ,uh[jh;kuhrh MfpNahh; ciuahw;wpdh; v];. vy.vk; \dpgh FwpgGiuahwwpdhh; nr. rptypq;fuhrh jiyikapy; Foe;ij ,yf;fpa mkh;T ,lk; ngw;wJ rgh n[auhrh nr Nahfehjd; MfpNahh; ciuahw;wpdh; Kjy;ehs; mkh;tpy; jkpofj;jpypUe;j tUif je;j ,d;Fyhg; rpwg;Giuahw;wpdhh;
 

jkpo; kf;fspd; czh;Tfs;:
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,uz;lhk; ehs; epfo;T:
,uz;lhk; ehs; epfo;T tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; fy;tpg;gphpT nghWg;ghsh; nt.,sq;Fkudpd; rpwg;GiuAld; Muk;gkhdJ jp. QhdNrfud; jyikapy; eilngw;w ehty; ,yf;fpa mkh;tpy; nr.Nahfuhrh nrq;if Mopahd; MfpNahh; ciuahw;wpdh; Foe;ij rz;Kfypq;fk; jyikapy; eilngw;w muq;f mkh;tpy; rpjk;guehjd; n[arq;fh; MfpNahUk; , KUifad; jiyikapy; ,lk;ngw;w nkhopngah;g;G ,yf;fpa mkh;tpy; =fNzrd; MfpNahUk; ciuahw;wpdh; ,uz;lhk; ehs; mkh;tpy; jkpo; ,yf;fpa Nghf;Fk; xLf;fg;gl;Nlhh; ,yf;fpaKk; vd;w jiyg;gpy; jkpof rpWfij vOj;jhsh; gh nrag;gpufhrk; rpwg;Giu ahw;wpdhh; Gypj;Njtd; epiwTiuahw;wpdhh;.

%d;whk; ehs; epfo;T:
aho; khtl;lj;jpy; 96-97 fhyg;gFjpapy; fhzhkw; NghNdhh; gw;wpa Mw;WifAk; ,lk;ngw;wJ %d;whk;ehs; epfo;r;rpfspy; Qhdujd; jiyikapy; jpiug;gl muq;F eilngw;wJ m. NaRuhrh Nguhrphpah; Rdpy; Mhpauj;d MfpNahh; ciuahw;wpdh; mk;kd;fpsp KUfjh]; jiyikapy; nghJ mkh;T ,lk;ngw;wJ Nguhrphpah; m.rz;Kfjh]; Nguhrphpah; Nrh. fpU\;zuhrh f.mUe;jhfud; MfpNahh; ciuahw;wpdh; fhw;Wf;nfd;d Ntyp jpiug;gl ,af;Fdh; GfNe;jp jq;fuhrh xtpah l;uh];fp kUJ MfpNahh; rpwg;Giuahw;wpdh; fhw;Wf;nfd;d Ntyp jpiug;glj;ij jahhpj;jNghJ jkpo;ehl;L murhy; jhk; vjph;Nehf;fpa gpur;ridfs; gw;wp Fwpg;gpl;l GfNoe;jp <og;gpur;rpid gw;wp rhpahf Ghpe;Jnfhs;shj jkpo; ehl;L jkpoUf;fhfNt mg;glj;ij jahhpj;jjhf nrhd;dhh; fiy epfo;r;rpapy; fz;zfp tof;Fiuj;jy; ghuk; ghpa ehl;Lf;$j;J ,lk;ngw;wJ ehd;fhk; ehs; epfo;r;rpapy; K.jpUehTf;fuR rh;tNjr murpaYk; rpq;fs cah;FohKk; vd;w jiyg;gpy; rpwg;Giu ahw;wpdhh; fhz;gpaf; fiyfs; gw;wpa mkh;tpy; gh.mfpyd; g.G];guj;jpdk; MfpNahh; ciuahw;wpdh;

 njhy;ypay; Ma;T gw;wpa ,e;j mkh;tpy; mfpyd; Kd;itj;j fUj;Jf;fs; gyiu rpe;jpf;f itj;jd Gduikg;G vd;w ngahpy; gioa fl;blf; fiyfs; mopf;fg;g;Ltjhf $wpa mth; aho;. Ehufk; vhpf;fg;gl;l gpd; me;j nfhLikia midtUk; ghh;f;Fk; tifapy; mg;gbNa tpl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; mjw;F mUfpy; Gjpa Ehyfj;ij mikj;jpUe;jhy ngwKbahj me;j nrhj;ij mopj;j me;j ntwpj;jdj;ij mLj;j re;jjpAk; ghh;f;f Kbe;jpUf;Fk; vd;whh; ,Wjp ehs; ,Wjp mkh;thf ,lk;ngw;wJ Clfj;JiwahFk; tp.hp jkpo;khwd; jiyikapy; ,lk;ngw;w ,e;j mkh;tpy; Njrpa ,d Kuz;ghl;Lg; gpd;dzpapy; njhlh;G Clfg;gz;ghL vd;w jiyg;gpy; M rptNernry;tDk; ,d xLf;FKiwAk; rpq;fs gj;jphpiffSk; vd;w jiyg;gpy; kQ;Rs ntbth;jNdAk; Clfg;gz;ghLk;,d;iwa cyf kakhf;fypd; murpaYk; vd;w jiyg;gpy; gh. rptFkhUk; cyfshtpa hPjpapYk; <og;Nghh;f; fhyj;jpYk; xspg;glf;iyapd; ,aq;F epiy vd;w jiyg;gpy; mkujh]_k; ciuahw;wpdh;

rpq;fs r%fj;jpw;fhd miw$ty;
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