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E}yfj;jpd; ehd;F gf;fq;fspYk; mikf;fg;gl;bUe;j Rw;Wkjpy; Nrjkhf;fg;gl;L tpl;lJ. ,jdhy; GdH epHkhdk; nra;ag;gl;l Rw;Wkjpy; Muk;gj;jpypUe;j mry; kjpiyg;Nghd;W ,Uf;Fk; tifapy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. fy;tpf;Fj; nja;tkhd ru];tjpapd; cUtr;rpiy Nrjkile;jpUe;jikahy; mJ jpUj;jpaikf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. cile;jpUe;j tz.Nyhq; mbfshhpd; cUtr;rpiy kPz;Lk; nrJf;fg;gl;L Ke;jpa epiyf;F nfhz;Ltug;gl;L gpujp];il nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. E}yf thapiy milAk; NghJ nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;s fjTfSf;fbapy; ,e;j rpiyfs; ,g;nghOJ fk;gPukhf Njhw;wkspf;fpd;wJ. Gj;jf uhf;iffs;> mYkhhpfs;> vOJk; Nkirfs;> fzpdp Nkirfs;> elkhLk; Gj;jfuhf;iffs;> kfhehl;LNkirfs;> fjpiufs; Mfpad midj;Jk; aho;g;ghz khefu rig njhopw;$lj;jpy; fl;blf;fiyQHfspd; tbtikg;Gf;F Vw;g jahhpf;fg;gl;lit. Nfl;NghH $lj;jpw;fhd fjpiufs; ntspehLfspy; ,Ue;J ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;ld.

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aho;g;ghz E}yfk; Rthhp];akhd tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzpiaf; nfhz;Ls;sjhy; mJ Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l tuyhw;iw Muha;tJ nghUj;jkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. aho;g;ghz kf;fSf;F xU E}yfk; Njit vd;w Nahrid 1933Mk; Mz;by; Nf.vk;. nry;yg;gh vd;w gbj;j fzthdpd; kdjpy; cjpj;jJ. jpU nry;yg;gh jkJ ,y;yj;jpy; xU rpwpa E}yfj;ij Muk;gpj;jNghJ mwpit kw;wtHfSld; gfpHe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w mtuJ tpUg;gk; xU vspikahd Kiwapy; ntspf;fhz;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. mDkjpf; fl;lzk; ,d;wp ,ytrkhf me;j E}yfj;ij vtUk; gad;gLj;jf;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ.

mLj;jtUlk; jpU.nry;yg;ghtpd; Gdpj ifq;fhpak; Fwpj;J mfkfpo;e;j eyd;tpUk;gpfs; rpyH rk;G+Hzkhd E}yfk; xd;iw mikg;gnjd KbTnra;jhHfs;. 1934Mk; Mz;L [{d; khjk; 9Mk; jpfjp $ba ,tHfs; E}yff;FO xd;iw mikj;jhHfs;. mt;Ntisapy; khtl;l ePjpgjpahf gzpahw;wpa jpU.rp.FkhuRthkp FOtpd; jiytuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhH. tz.I]f; jk;gpIah Jizj;jiytuhfTk; jpU.Nf.vk;.nry;yg;gh jpU.rp.nghd;dk;gyk; MfpNahH $l;Lr;nrayhsHfshfTk; epakpf;fg;gl;ldH. ,f;FOtpdH mauhJ ghLgl;L E}y;fs;> rQ;rpiffs;> ngWkjptha;e;j Guhjd Xiyr;Rtbfs; Mfpatw;iw Nrfhpj;J 1934Mk; Mz;L Mf];l; khjk; 1Mk; jpfjp aho;.nghpah];gj;jphpf;F mUfpy; miw xd;iw thliff;Fg;ngw;W mjpy; E}yfk; xd;iw Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. njhlf;fj;jpy; RkhH 844 E}y;fs;> 30 nra;jpg;gj;jphpiffs;> rQ;rpiffs; MfpadNt E}yfj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.

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,t;tpjkhf Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l nghJ E}yfk; aho; efuthrpfs; kj;jpapy; khj;jpukpd;wp Flhehl;bYs;s midj;J kf;fs; kj;jpapYk; gpugy;ak; ngw;wJld; ,isQHfs;> taJte;jtHfs; midtUk; gad;ngwj; njhlq;fpdH. E}yff;FOtpdH vLj;j jPHkhdj;jpw;F mika 1936Mk; Mz;by; khefu fl;llj;jpw;Fk; efu kz;lgj;jpw;Fk; mUfpYs;s fl;llk; xd;wpf;F E}yfk; khw;wg;gl;lJ. mq;fj;jtHfSf;F E}y;fis ,utyhf nfhLf;Fk; Nrit ,f;fl;lj;jpy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. rhjhuz fl;lzkhd 3 &ghitr; nrYj;jp vtUk; E}yfj;jpy; mq;fj;Jtk; ngwf;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ. khztHfs; cl;gl gyH mq;fj;Jtk; ngw;W E}y;fis ,uty;thq;fpg;ngw;W gad;ngw;wdH.

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,jid mLj;J 1953 Mk; Mz;by;> Gdpj rk;gj;jphprpahH fy;Y}hpapd; mg;Nghija mjpgH tz.Nlhq; mbfshy; cl;gl gy fy;tpkhd;fs;> gpuKfHfs; mlq;fpa Gjpa E}yff;FO xd;W epakpf;fg;gl;lJ. E}yf cUthf;fj;jpy; Nlhq; mbfshH Mw;wpa gq;fspg;ig kdjpy;nfhz;L md;dhhpd; cUtr;rpiy E}yf thapypy; gpujp\;il nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

khefu rigfl;llj;jpw;F mUfpy; Gjpa E}yf fl;llj;ij epHkhdpg;gnjd E}yfFO jPHkhdpj;jJ. ,jw;nfd gioa xy;yhe;jH Nfhl;ilf;fUfpy; ed;F nghUj;jkhd fhzp xd;W njhpT nra;ag;gl;lJ. fl;llj;jpd; tbtikg;G cs;SHkf;fspd; fyhrhuj;ij gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; jpuhtpl fl;blf;fiy mk;rq;fisf;nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;lJ. me;jf;fhyj;jpy; jpuhtpl fl;llf;fiyapy; jpwikngw;w ,yq;if fiyQh;fs; vtUk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,jdhy; E}yfFO ,e;jpahtpd; cjtpia ehbaJ. nrd;idapYs;s jpuhtplf;fl;llf;fiy epGzuhd; v];. eurpk;kd; vd;w fiyQhplk; aho; E}yf fl;llj;ij tbtikf;Fk; nghWg;G xg;gilf;fg;gl;lJ.

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eurpk;kd; jahhpj;j Kd;Ndhbj;jpl;lj;jpy; E}yfk; epWtg;gl ,Uf;Fk; fhzpapy; Kd;gf;fkhf xU fl;blKk; mjDld;njhlHGgl;ljhf gpd;gf;fk; xU fl;llKk; tbtikf;fg;gl;ld. xt;nthU fl;llj;jpYk; 2 rpwFfisf;nfhz;l kj;jpa kz;ltk; xd;Wk; mlq;fpapUe;jJ. Kjypy; ifapypUf;Fk; epjpiaf;nfhz;L Kd;gf;f fl;llj;ijAk; mjd; ,izg;Gg;gphpitAk; fl;Ltnjd; jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;lJ. aho; khefu Kjy;tH rhk; rghtjp 1953Mk; Mz;L khHr; khjk; 29Mk;jpfjp KjyhtJ fl;llj;jpw;fhd mbf;fy;iy ehl;b itj;jhH. ,e;jpahtpypUe;Jk; ,yq;ifapd; rfy gFjpfspy; ,Ue;Jk; gy;NtW fy;tpkhd;fSk; eyd; tpUkgpfSk; murpay; jiytHfSk; mbf;fy; ehl;L itgtj;jpy; fye;Jnfhz;lhHfs;.

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1967Mk;Mz;L etk;gH khjk; 3Mk; jpfjp rpWtH gphpT xd;W jpwe;J itf;fg;gl;lJ. mjd; gpd;dH 1971Mk; Mz;by; tphpTiufs;> fUj;juq;Ffs;> fyhrhu epfo;Tfs; Mfpatw;iw elhj;Jtjw;fhd Nfl;NghH $lk; xd;W jpwe;Jitf;fg;gl;lJ. eyd;tpUk;gpfs;> ntspehl;L J}jufq;fs;> jHk ];jhgdq;fs; Mfpatw;wplk; ,Ue;J Mapuf;fzf;fhd E}y;fs; te;JNru Muk;gpj;jd. E}yfFOTk; ngWkjptha;e;j E}y;fisAk;> Mtzq;fisAk; ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jJ. tpiutpy; E}yfk; rfy trjpfisAk;nfhz;l rk;G+Hz E}yfkhf tpsq;fpaJ. ,yq;ifapy; khj;jpukd;wp may;ehlhd ,e;jpahtpYk; ,e;j E}yfk; ed;F gpugy;ak; ngw;wJ. ,e;jpa fy;tpkhd;fs;> Muha;r;rpahsHfs;> khztHfs; MfpNahUk; aho; nghJE}yf trjpfisg; gad;gLj;jpdhHfs;.

xU,yl;rj;Jf;Fk; mhpa E}y;fs;> Mtzq;fSk; ifnaOj;Jg;gpujpfSk; Xiyr;RtLfSk; E}yfj;jpy; fhzg;gl;ld. re;jd kug;ngl;bfspy; ,tw;wpy; gy Nrfhpj;J itf;fg;gl;ld. aho;g;ghzj;jpy; E}W tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dH gpuRhpf;fg;gl;l nra;jpg;gj;jphpiffSk;> rQ;rpiffSk; E}yfj;jpy; gj;jpug;gLj;jp itf;fg;gl;ld. RkhH 10000 ifnaOj;JMtzq;fs;> 1586Mk; Mz;bd; gpuRhpf;fg;gl;l Nwhkd; fj;Njhypf;f E}y;fSk; ,e;j E}yfj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;ld. ,tw;wpy; rpy ];ghdpa nkhopapy; ,Ue;jd.

Nwhgl;nehf;]; vd;gtH fz;b rpiwr;rhiyapy; 1660Mk; Mz;L ,Ue;jNghJ mtH vOjpa ,yq;ifapd; tuyhW vd;w E}ypd; gpujp xd;Wk; gpypg;igaGl;ba]; vd;gtH 1672Mk; Mz;by; vOjpa xy;yhe;J Ml;rpapy; ,yq;if vd;w E}Yk; aho; E}yfj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;bUe;j E}y;fspy; rpythFk;. ,yq;ifj; jkpowpQUk; ,yq;if Gfo;ngw;w fiy tpkHrfUkhd fyhepjp Mde;jFkhurhkp gw;wpa 700 E}y;fSk; ,Ue;jd. ,tw;iw kNyrpahitr;Nrh;e;j jpU.Jiuuh[rpq;fk; md;gspg;ghf toq;fpapUe;jhh;. tz.I]f; jk;gpIah 850E}y;fis md;gspg;G nra;jpUe;jhH. fjpuNtYg;gps;is 100 E}y;fis md;gspg;G nra;jpUe;jhH.

gy;NtW ehLfisAk; ntspaPl;lfq;fisak; NrHe;j ngUe;njhifahd mUQ;nrhw;fsQ;rpaq;fs; E}yfj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. mfuhjpfs;> Njrg;glg;Gj;jfq;fs;> Njrg;glq;fs;> rh];jpuk; rk;ge;jkhd E}y;fs;> thd rh];j;jpu E}y;fs; MfpadTk; E}yfj;jpw;F fpilj;jpUe;jd. rpWtH gphptpy; ,uhkhazf;fhtpaj;jpd; rpW gjpg;Gf;fs; itf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.

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